The elements of power, p.57
The Elements of Power, page 57
Michigan Economic Development Corporation. “This Just In: Team Michigan Continues to Deliver as Our Next Energy Rolls Out First Cell Production.” November 1, 2023.
Mining Watch. “INCO in Indonesia: A Report for Canadian People.” January 7, 2000.
Mohammed VI of Morocco. Letter to George W. Bush, 2004. James A. Baker III Collection. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton Library.
Montrie, Chad. “ ‘To Have, Hold, Develop, and Defend’: Natural Rights and the Movement to Abolish Strip Mining in Eastern Kentucky.” Journal of Appalachian Studies 11, no. ½ (2005): 64–82.
Mpisi, Jean. La Sicomines (Sino-congolaise des mines). L’Harmattan, 2020.
Mukenge, Tshilemalema. Culture and Customs of the Congo. Bloomsbury Academic, 2002.
Murray, Charles. Long Hard Road: The Lithium-Ion Battery and the Electric Car. Purdue University Press, 2022.
Nagle, John C. “The Earth Day Pioneer Nobody Remembers.” Scientific American, April 22, 2016.
Naipaul, V. S. “A New King for the Congo.” New York Review of Books, June 26, 1975.
National Bureau of Statistics of China. “Statistical Communiqué of the People’s Republic of China on the 2009 National Economic and Social Development.” January 26, 2010.
Naveed, Abdurrehman, and Cina Vazir. “Value Amidst Transition: Evaluating Strategic Opportunities for Value Addition in the Democratic Republic of Congo.” M-RCBG Associate Working Paper No. 204. Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government, Harvard Kennedy School, June 2023.
Ngoie Tshibambe, Germain. “Sans Chinatown? L’intégration des migrants chinois à Lubumbashi (DRC).” Revista da Faculdade de Direito da UFMG 63 (2013).
Ngoy Mwanabute, Serge-Noël. Toute la vérité sur les guerres de l’est du Congo-Kinshasa: Comment mettre fin définitivement à ces guerres? Éditions Universitaires Européennes, 2023.
Niarchos, Nicolas. “Beijing Calls Washington’s Bluff on Strategic Metals.” Nation, January 2, 2025.
———. “Buried Dreams.” New Yorker, May 24, 2021.
———. “Dirty Nickel, Clean Power: Making the Ocean Bleed Red.” Nation, March 6/13, 2023.
———. “In Congo’s Cobalt Mines.” New York Review of Books, December 7, 2023.
———. “Power Metals.” Granta, June 5, 2024.
———. “What Happened to Patrick Masengo Kalasa?” Nation, October 1, 2024.
Nkrumah, Kwame. Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism. Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1965.
Ober, Joyce. “Lithium.” In Minerals Yearbook: Metals and Minerals. Edited by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Department of the Interior. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1998.
Office of Assistant to Deputy Cabinet Secretary for State Documents & Translation. “President Jokowi Pushes for Down Streaming of Mining Products.” Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia. November 30, 2022.
Olivier, Mathieu, and Romain Gras. “Exclusif—Dan Gertler: ‘Tous étaient effrayés par le Congo, mais pas moi.’ ” Jeune Afrique, August 1, 2022.
———. “RDC: Dan Gertler, l’irrésistible ascension du businessman de Kabila.” Jeune Afrique, August 2, 2002.
Padhi, A. K., K. S. Nanjundaswamy, and John B. Goodenough. “Phospho-Olivines as Positive-Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries.” Journal of the Electrochemical Society 144, no. 4 (1997).
Pakenham, Thomas. The Scramble for Africa, 1876–1912. Random House, 1991.
People’s Liberation Army of China. The Politics of the Chinese Red Army. Edited by James Chester Cheng. Hoover Institution, 1966.
Pereira, Nathalie, Glenn G. Amatucci, M. Stanley Whittingham, and Robert Hamlen. “Lithium–Titanium Disulfide Rechargeable Cell Performance After 35 Years of Storage.” Journal of Power Sources 280, no. 15 (April 2015): 18–22.
Peyer, Chantal, and François Mercier. Glencore in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Profit Before Human Rights and the Environment. Swiss Catholic Lenten Fund, 2012.
Pilling, David. Bending Adversity. Penguin Books, 2014.
Pitron, Guillaume. La Guerre des Métaux Rares. Nouvelle Édition. Les Liens qui Libèrent, 2023.
Pollard Smith, Judy. Don’t Call Me Lady: The Journey of Lady Alice Seeley Harris. Abbott Press, 2014.
Pratt, J. A. “Exxon and the Control of Oil.” Journal of American History 99, no. 1 (2012).
Prunier, Gérard. Africa’s World War: Congo, the Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe. Oxford University Press, 2009.
Radmann, Wolf. “The Nationalization of Zaire’s Copper: From Union Minière to Gecamines.” Africa Today 25, no. 4 (1978).
Reagan, Ronald. “Our Environment Crisis.” Nation’s Business, February 1970.
Reefe, Thomas Q. The Rainbow and the Kings: A History of the Luba Empire to 1891. University of California Press, 1981.
Reeves, Richard. President Nixon: Alone in the White House. Simon & Schuster, 2001.
Reid, Stuart A. The Lumumba Plot: The Secret History of the CIA and a Cold War Assassination. Alfred A. Knopf, 2023.
Rights and Accountability in Development. Anvil Mining Limited and the Kilwa Incident: Unanswered Questions. October 2005. raid-uk.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/qq-anvil.pdf.
———. Beneath the Green. March 2024. raid-uk.org/post-library/report-beneath-the-green/.
———. “Military Court Delivers a Not Guilty Verdict in Kilwa Trial.” July 2, 2007. https://raid-uk.org/post-library/pr-kilwa-verdict/.
———. The Road to Ruin?: Electric Vehicles and Workers’ Rights Abuses at DR Congo’s Industrial Cobalt Mine. November 2021. raid-uk.org/post-library/the-road-to-ruin-electric-vehicles-and-workers-rights-abuses-at-dr-congos-industrial-cobalt-mines/.
Rosenfels, Ryan C., and Bjorn P. von der Heyden. “A Critical Comparison Between the Fungurume 8 and 88 Cu-Co Deposits, Central African Copperbelt.” Ore Geology Reviews 140 (January 2022).
Ross, John, and David de Vries. “Mufulira Smelter Upgrade Project.” Mopani Copper Mines PLC, Glencore Technologies, 2005. glencoretechnology.com/.rest/api/v1/documents/3f912fe463bebc7f0de40789ad95b319/XTpaper_Mopani_MSUPyromet05.pdf.
Rotberg, Robert I. “Plymouth Brethren and the Occupation of Katanga, 1886–1907.” Journal of African History 5, no. 2 (1964).
Rubbens, Antoine. “Political Awakening in the Belgian Congo.” Civilisations 10, no. 1 (1960).
Rubbers, Benjamin. “La dislocation du secteur minier au Katanga (RDC).” Politique Africaine 1, no. 93 (2004).
Sanderson, Henry. Volt Rush: The Winners and Losers in the Race to Go Green. Oneworld Publications, 2022.
Sawai, Tomoki. “The Invention of Rechargeable Batteries: An Interview with Dr. Akira Yoshino, 2019 Nobel Laureate.” WIPO Magazine, September 2020.
Tamrin, T., and Muhammad Aris. “Health Condition of Tridacna sp. in the Waters of Obi Island, Indonesia.” Jurnal Ilmiah Platax 8, no. 2 (2020): 234–41.
Tenke Fungurume Mining. “An Investment in the Future of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.” 2013. Archived at https://int.nyt.com/data/documenttools/2013-freeport-tfm-tenke-fast-facts-english/09789d8b8b64c1fe/full.pdf.
Schouten, Pieter. Roadblock Politics: The Origins of Violence in Central Africa. Cambridge University Press, 2022.
ScienceInsider. “How Many Have Died Due to Congo’s Fighting? Scientists Battle Over How to Estimate War-Related Deaths.” Science, January 21, 2010.
Scrosati, Bruno. Fast Ion Transport in Solids. Edited by S. Pizzini, B. Scrosati, A. Magistris, C. M. Mari, and G. Mariotto. Springer Netherlands, 1993.
The Sentry. The Backchannel: State Capture and Bribery in Congo’s Deal of the Century. November 2021. thesentry.org/reports/backchannel/.
Shedd, K. B. “Cobalt.” In Metal Prices in the United States Through 2010. Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5188. Edited by the U.S. Geological Survey National Minerals Information Center Staff. U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Geological Survey, 2013.
Shinn, David Hamilton, and Joshua Eisenman. China and Africa: A Century of Engagement. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012.
Shnayerson, Michael. The Car That Could: The Inside Story of GM’s Revolutionary Electric Vehicle. Random House, 1996.
Stanley, Henry M. The Founding of the Congo Free State. Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, 1885.
Stearns, Jason. Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: The Collapse of Congo and the Great War of Africa. PublicAffairs, 2011.
Stockwell, John. In Search of Enemies: A CIA Story. Norton, 1978.
Takeuchi, Hiroki. “Political Economy of Trade Protection: China in the 1990s.” International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 13, no. 7 (2012).
Tarnoff, Ben. “Ultra Hardcore.” New York Review of Books, January 18, 2024.
Terazawa, Tatsuya. “How Japan Solved Its Rare Earth Minerals Dependency Issue.” World Economic Forum, October 13, 2023.
Thackeray, Michael M. Running with Lithium—Empowering the Earth: A Personal Journey. Archway Publishing, 2019.
Thomson, Joseph B. Joseph Thomson, African Explorer. London, 1896.
Tibbetts, Gary G. “Vapor-Grown Carbon Fibers.” In Carbon Fibers Filaments and Composites. Edited by J. L. Figueiredo, C. A. Bernardo, R. T. K. Baker, and K. J. Hüttinger. NATO ASI Series, vol. 177. Springer, 1990.
Trapido, Joe. “Africa’s Leaky Giant.” New Left Review 92 (Mar/Apr 2015).
UNESCAP. “CHINA: 12th Five-Year Plan (2011–2015) for National Economic and Social Development.” 2011. policy.asiapacificenergy.org/node/37.
Union Minière du Haut-Katanga. Économie katangaise et économie congolaise à la veille de l’indépendance, SD No. 61/5, 1 July 1961. Box 4, folder 854. Union Minière Collection: Archives sur l’Exploitation des Mines de Cuivre Katangaises, Premier Série, Quatrième Partie. Archives de l’État en Belgique, Dépôt Joseph Cuvelier, Brussels, Belgium.
———. “Les causes de la situation économique et financière désastreuse au Congo,” 1962. Box A4, Folder 870. Union Minière Collection: Archives sur l’Exploitation des Mines de Cuivre Katangaises, Premier Série, Quatrième Partie. Archives de l’État en Belgique, Dépôt Joseph Cuvelier, Brussels, Belgium.
———. “NOTE concernant les contrats de raffinage Union Minière / Hoboken,” UMHK, 23 February 1960. Box C4, folder 1002. Union Minière Collection: Archives sur l’Exploitation des Mines de Cuivre Katangaises, Premier série, Quatrième partie. Archives de l’État en Belgique, Dépôt Joseph Cuvelier, Brussels, Belgium.
———. “Note sur les Grandes entreprises, seul soutien actuel de l’économie congolaise,” 4 June 1962. Box A4, folder 869. Union Minière Collection: Archives sur l’Exploitation des Mines de Cuivre Katangaises, Premier Série, Quatrième Partie. Archives de l’État en Belgique, Dépôt Joseph Cuvelier, Brussels, Belgium.
United Nations. Addendum to the Report of the Panel of Experts on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of Wealth of DR Congo. United Nations Document No. S/2001/1072. November 10, 2001. securitycouncilreport.org/un-documents/document/drc-s-2001-1072.php.
———. Report of the Panel of Experts on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of Wealth of DR Congo. United Nations Document No. S/2001/357. April 12, 2001. securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/DRC%20S%202001%20357.pdf.
———. Sixteenth Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. United Nations Document No. S/2004/1034. December 2004. digitallibrary.un.org/record/538578?ln=en&v=pdf.
U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. “Angola: UNITA vs. the Benguela.” National Foreign Assessment Center Memorandum. November 30, 1978, declassified December 2, 2004. cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP80T00634A000500010013-7.pdf.
———. China’s Role in Africa. Special Report Weekly Review. February 25, 1972, declassified August 24, 2012. cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP08S02113R000100080001-0.pdf.
———. “Spanish Sahara: Phosphates and Sovereignty.” Intelligence Memorandum. September 1970, partially declassified October 31, 2011. cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP85T00875R001600030125-0.pdf.
———. Zaire: Mobutu and the Military. August 1982, declassified July 30, 2008. cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP83S00855R000100080001-6.pdf.
U.S. Congress. House Hearing: The Future of U.S.-China Relations and the Possible Accession of China into the World Trade Organization. 105th Cong., 106 (1995) (testimony of Robert R. Aronson).
———. U.S.-China Trade Relations and Renewal of China’s Most-Favored-Nation Status. 104th Cong. 132 (1995) (testimony of Robert R. Aronson).
U.S. Congress, Senate. Strip Mining and Its Impact: Hearings Before the Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. 90th Cong. 87-95 (1968) (testimony of Harry M. Caudill).
U.S. Department of Defense. Securing Defense-Critical Supply Chains: An Action Plan Developed in Response to President Biden’s Executive Order 14017. February 2022. media.defense.gov/2022/Feb/24/2002944158/-1/-1/1/DOD-EO-14017-REPORT-SECURING-DEFENSE-CRITICAL-SUPPLY-CHAINS.PDF.
U.S. Department of Justice. “Hecla Mining Company to Pay $263 Million in Settlement to Resolve Idaho Superfund Site Litigation and Foster Cooperation.” June 13, 2011. justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/hecla-mining-company-pay-263-million-settlement-resolve-idaho-superfund-site-litigation-and.
U.S. Department of State. “Minerals Security Partnership: Media Note.” June 14, 2022.
U.S. Department of the Treasury. “Treasury Sanctions Two Individuals for Threatening the Stability of and Undermining Democratic Processes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.” September 26, 2016. treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jl0560.
———. “United States Sanctions Human Rights Abusers and Corrupt Actors Across the Globe.” December 21, 2017. treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm0243.
U.S. Embassy Zambia. Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on Working Arrangements Between the Government of the United States of America, the European Commission, the Government of the Republic of Zambia, the Government of the Republic of Angola, the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the African Development Bank, and Africa Finance Corporation Relating to the Development of the Lobito Corridor and the Zambia–Lobito Rail Line.” May 2024. zm.usembassy.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/44/2024/05/Lobito_Corridor_MOU.pdf.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Reuse and the Benefit to Community Bunker Hill Mining and Metallurgical Complex Superfund Site. December 2017. semspub.epa.gov/work/HQ/100001209.pdf.
Van Brusselen, Daan, et al. “Metal Mining and Birth Defects: A Case-Control Study in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo.” Lancet: Planetary Health 4, no. 4 (2020).
Van Gorsel, H. “Geological Investigations of Sulawesi (Celebes) Before 1930.” Berita Sedimentologi [Indonesian Journal of Sedimentary Geology] 48, no. 1 (2022).
Van Leeuwen, Theo, and P. E. Pieters. “Mineral Deposits of Sulawesi.” Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Sulawesi Mineral Resources 2011 Seminar MGEI-IAGI, November 28–29, 2011.
Van Reybrouck, David. Congo: The Epic History of a People. Translated by Sam Garrett. HarperCollins, 2014.
———. Revolusi: Indonesia and the Birth of the Modern World. W. W. Norton & Company, 2024.
Vansina, Jan. Kingdoms of the Savanna. University of Wisconsin Press, 1966.
Vickers, Adrian. A History of Modern Indonesia. Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Vinckel, Sandrine. “Violence and Everyday Interactions Between Katangese and Kasaians: Memory and Elections in Two Katanga Cities.” Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 85, no. 1 (2015).
Vogel, Christoph N. Conflict Minerals, Inc.: War, Profit and White Saviourism in Eastern Congo. Hurst Publishers, 2022.
Vogl, Thomas J., Wolfgang Reith, and Ernst J. Rummeny. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology. Springer, 2016.
Wala Chabala, E. D. “Lobito Corridor—A Reality Check.” African Policy Research Institute, February 2, 2024.
Whitaker, John C. Striking a Balance: Environment and Natural Resources Policy in the Nixon-Ford Years. AEI-Hoover Policy Studies, 1976.
Whittingham, M. Stanley. Intercalation Chemistry. Edited by M. Stanley Whittingham and Allan J. Jacobson. Academic Press, 1982.
———. “Lithium Titanium Disulfide Cathodes.” Nature Energy, February 19, 2021.
Whittingham, M. Stanley, and Robert A. Huggins. “Beta Alumina—Prelude to a Revolution in Solid State Electrochemistry.” In Solid State Chemistry—Proceedings of the 5th Materials Research Symposium Sponsored by the Institute for Materials Research, National Bureau of Standards, October 18–21, 1971, Held at Gaithersburg, Maryland. Edited by Robert S. Roth and Samuel J. Schneider Jr. U.S. Department of Commerce and National Bureau of Standards, 1972.
Williams, Stephen. Spies in the Congo. PublicAffairs, 2016.
Wood, Christopher. The Bubble Economy. Solstice, 2006.
Wrong, Michela. In the Footsteps of Mr. Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in Mobutu’s Congo. Fourth Estate, 2000.
Yabili, Marcel. Chine—RD Congo. Vol. 1. Chronique d’une colonisation choisie. L’Harmattan, 2020.
———. Chine—RD Congo. Vol. 2. Il manque un détail! L’Harmattan, 2022.
Yang, Zeyi. “How Did China Come to Dominate the World of Electric Cars?” MIT Technology Review, February 21, 2023.
Yao, Yung-Fang Yu, and J. T. Kummer. “Ion Exchange Properties of and Rates of Ionic Diffusion in Beta-Alumina.” Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry 29, no. 9 (1967): 2453–75.
Yav, André. Vocabulaire de ville de Elisabethville: A History of Elisabethville from Its Beginnings to 1965. Translated and edited by Johannes Fabian with Kalundi Mango. Archives of Popular Swahili 4, no. 2 (2001): lpca.socsci.uva.nl/aps/vol4/facsimile/toc.html.
